natural enemies associated with the insect pest were recorded in J. curcas monoculture plantations. As the fungus propagates in dead wood, prompt pruning is an effective way of combating this disease. Further improvement in existing microbial pesticides and genetically modified organisms, therefore, is inevitable to make way for their commercial application. RETITHRIPS SYRIACUS (MAYET), THE BLACK VINE THRIPS (INSECTA: THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) NEW TO PUERTO RICO. Institute of plant genetic and crop plant research, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic Resource Institute, Rome, Incidence of a mosaic disease in Jatropha curcas L. from eastern Uttar Pradesh, Insect pests of Jatropha curcas L. and the potential for their management [10], Studies on Damage Potential and Integration of Some IPM Components Against Scutellerid Bug Infesting Jatropha in Eastern Uttar Pradesh of India, A Monograph of Erysiphales (Powdery Mildews), Host Plants of Cotton Mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis): A New Menace to Cotton Agroecosystem of Punjab, Pakistan, IV. The following new synonymies are proposed: Aphthona cookei (Gerstaecker, 1871)=Aphthona weisei abokana Bechyné, 1959 syn. A typical begomovirus-like symptoms characterized by chlorotic specks on leaves, curling and malformation of leaves, severe reduction in leaf size, partial or complete sterility were seen on infected plants. The similarity value between the parents (41.4%) was less than those between parents and hybrids. Symptoms typical of cassava mosaic disease appeared in only three of 105 plants in experiments on transmission of CLV-C and CLV-T by whiteflies, when attempted acquisition of either clarified CLV-infective sap or purified CLV was made through ‘Parafilm’ membranes. Reciprocal crosses between J. curcas and J. integerrima were attempted. Mite colonization commenced at the periphery of the areas under study, whereas the high-density patches extended until they reached 30 m in diameter. progressively between June and September 2013, reaching a peak (43%) in September 2013. Beetles were rarely found in the dry season and peaked in the second half of the rainy season. However, based on the presence of B. tabaci 4th instar nymphs, the Ug1 genotypes (n = 13) colonized cassava and five other non-cassava plant species: Manihot glaziovii, Jatropha gossypifolia, Euphorbia heterophylla, Aspilia africana, and Abelmoschus esculentus, suggesting that cassava B. tabaci (Ug1 genotypes) are not restricted to cassava in Uganda. n. A key to the species, micrographs of male and female genitalia, scanning electron micrographs of peculiar morphological characters, and distributional and ecological data are supplied. Population Dynamics of Aphthona whitfieldi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Pest of Jatropha curcas, and Environmental Factors Favoring Its Abundance in Burkina Faso, The Effect of Aphthona whitfieldi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations’ Density on the Growth of Jatropha curcas in Burkina Faso, Alternative Host Plants of Calidea panaethiopica (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) and Aphtona whitfieldi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Insect Pests of Jatropha curcas , South Burkina Faso, Jatropha growth and oilseed production in Africa, Fueling the future; plant genetic engineering for sustainable biodiesel production, Optimized Fuzzy Neural Network for Jatropha Curcas Plant Disease Identification, Why do farmers abandon jatropha cultivation? Melanose is a fungal infection of young citrus fruit, primarily but not exclusively grapefruit. (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) was assessed in the laboratory against adults of the leaf-footed bug Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Coreidae) and the shield-backed bug Pachycoris klugii Burmeister (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae), the two most frequent pest species in physic nut ( Jatropha curcas L., Euphorbiaceae) plantations in Nicaragua. All three species reduced overall yield. Recently, Jatropha is facing some difficulty with pests and diseases. Despite its toxicity, Jatropha is not pest and disease resistant. We introduce an area‐normalized index, the “Potential‐Actual Cultivation Index” (PACI), to better depict the ratio between the suitable areas shared both by the crop and its pest, and the number of actual cultivations, in a target country. Furthermore, many microbial insecticides are compatible with Integrated Pest Management (IPM). The present compilation indicates that jatropha is susceptible to more than 35 fungal species, 4 viral and 4 bacterial pathogens, 6 nematodes and about 60 insect species. Keep them well pruned so they don't outgrow their space too soon. caged with a 4-year old 2014, Lama et al. The treatments consisted of various Inoculations with sap from symptomatic plants resulted in systemic mosaic on three of seven J. curcas seedlings. Jatropha curcas is an important commodity for farmers. Reduction of fruit, seed and seed kernel weight as well as seed length could be expressed as linear regressions of adult population densities. Potential host plants of the two insect pests were collected and bred in the laboratory in Leo where they were used to feed the insect pests. In Yucatan, Mexico, this crop has been affected by rust caused by Phakopsora jatrophicola (syn. to the Euphorbiaceae family. Population densities of phytophagous bugs (Heteroptera) were monitored during three growing periods in physic nut (Jatropha curcas) stands of a Nicaraguan and a Cape Verdean provenance using a stratified random sampling programme. Photo: Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org, author of Garden Insects of North America Identifying the problem is the first step in finding an earth-friendly way to reduce — or even eliminate — the damage caused by garden pests. The type of injury and amount of damage to the fruits and seeds of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L., Euphorbiaceae) caused by two species of fruit feeding true bugs, Pachycoris klugii Burmeister (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) and Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Coreidae), and the flower feeding true bug, Hypselonotus intermedius Distant (Heteroptera: Coreidae), were assessed using field cages. The • Jatropha shows highly variable seed yields. Adelgids are small, soft-bodied aphids that feed exclusively on conifer ous … Below ground natural enemies can prey on soil-dwelling stages (eggs, larvae, pupae and adults) of such diverse insect pests are apparently colonized by microbes called entomopathogens often diminishing the frequency and intensity of pest outbreaks. The putative Jatropha mosaic India virus (JMIV) was successfully transmitted through grafting, the dodder Cuscuta subinclusa and the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. cutworm, wireworms, grubs, armyworms, etc. However, by itself, biological control often fails to control economic damage to the crop. Contrast of T(1)- and T(2)-weighted images showed significant differences in the spatial distribution of water, lipids and macromolecules in virus-infected and healthy stem tissues. Here, we report the complete nucleotide sequences of a Jatropha virus isolated from Dharwad, Southern India. The material for analysis showed an 8% water level, and 200 seeds were stored for treatment in cryogenic containers with nitrogen in the vapor and liquid phases. A diverse complex of insect and disease pests can affect Christmas trees. Jatropha integerrima (Peregrina): Rust. Since there are no previous studies at ultramicroscopic morphology level, we conducted the first Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of this species and a bioassay on J. curcas detached leaves in order to test the spore infectivity. in mature conidia, is proposed for inclusion in the genusErysiphe. Still, the development of resistant varieties would offer a probably more economic and more sustainable crop protection as no chemical crop protection would be needed. A new mealy bug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley) appeared recently and has attained the status of a serious pest on a wide range of host plants. Computational experiments prove that the proposed method produces promising result and the SA is effective to improve the accuracy of the FNS. The fruit is a flat pod. Sorok. Mutation breeding coupled with functional genomics and gene editing techniques will accelerate the development of novel germplasm with desirable traits. Using Ecological Niche Modelling and GIS post‐modelling analyses, we infer the current and future suitable territories for both these taxa, delineating areas where J. curcas cultivations may occur without suffering the presence of Aphthona, in the context of future climate and land use changing. Despite the economic importance of this insect pest, there is little known about its potential natural The parents and their 23 hybrid plants were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using 61 random decamer primers. Here, we analyse the factors that influence farmers' decision to abandon jatropha cultivation by using a generalized linear modelling approach in combination with qualitative research methods. Mineral oilbased ultra-low volume controlled droplet applications of M. anisopliae at a rate of 1 1010 conidia/tree were made using hand-held Micron ULVA + sprayers. In plantations, however serious problems of economic significance have been reported due to attack of various fungi, viruses, insects and other pests. One of the most promising plant species for biofuel production in Brazil is the physic nut Jatropha curcas. ... A popular misconception has been perpetuated that jatropha is largely resistant to pests and diseases because of its toxicity. The changes in insect densities were compared to climatic and phenological factors and the difference in population dynamics of specialists and generalists was analyzed. The objective of this work was to evaluate the incidence of fungi in stored seeds of Jatropha curcas. It heavily affects the Jatropha plants, causing e.g. In Ghana, oviposition by Calidea dregii Germar occurs throughout the year, usually on the flower parts and uncommonly on the stems of its host plant, Jatropha podagrica Hooker (Euphorbiaceae). • Sustainability of jatropha should be studied on the system level and not only on the basis of life cycle analyses, since these are product-based and do not respond to land use issues. Just like other plants, trees require care to avoid illness and disease. CLV-C and CLV-T seemed to occur respectively only in coastal and western districts but their ranges overlapped in central Kenya where they could have been introduced in infected material. of physic nut in India. Mite densities were monitored over 2 years in two different plantations. Jatropha podagrica gummosis, caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae, was found for the first time in China at Pearl Square in Beihai City, Guangxi province in 2005. Leaf sap of infected plants reacted only with PVAS-242a, indicating the presence of CMV. Published 26 September 2018 Pests and Diseases Treatment in Consideration of the Environment To preserve the quality of rose plants, it is our goal to successfully cure and prevent the spread of all these pests and diseases. In plantations, however serious problems of economic significance have been reported due to attack of various fungi, viruses, insects and other … single J. curcas plant:T0 (control = no insect pest), T1 (4 However, the role of alternative hosts in the ecology of cassava B. tabaci genotypes and their possible involvement in the epidemiology of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) in Uganda remain unknown. Boursin (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as a pest of Jatropha curcas Linn, Cultura do pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.), A whitefly-transmitted mosaic of Jatropha gossypifolia, Physic nut Jatrophacurcas L. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. Nymphs are gregarious in the early stages, but become solitary as they grow older. The egg parasitism increased Jatropha integerrima is a dense, rounded shrub that grows up to 10 feet (3 m) tall to almost tree-like proportions with age in frost-free climates. a polyphagous heteroptera of the Scutelleridae family. However, the mites showed an aggregated distribution in intermediate densities. Also, time delay has been incorporated in roguing and reformulates the mathematical model using delay differential equations. The findings are confirmed by means of numerical simulations. Average per cent rooting was also recorded maximum in air-layers treated with thiamine (75, 150 and 300 mg l-1) in comparison to auxins during both seasons. Cuttings treated with 600 and 800 mg l-1 thiamine showed 100% sprouting during both seasons. The study used a randomized block design, with five replicates. was detected. The following major pests and diseases affecting Jatrophain the lower valley of the Senegal river have been identified: the leaf miner Stomphastis thrausticasubissent d’importantes attaques de différents bio- (Meyrick, 1908) (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae), the leaf are described. Jatropha curcas L. is an introduced plant species in India, and has gained importance as a biofuel plant. Gel diffusion tests were performed with antiserum to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tobacco ringspot virus, and Chrysanthemum virus B (PVAS-242a, PVAS-157, and PVAS-349, respectively; ATCC, Manassas, VA). This is the first record of the pathogen on J. podagrica in China. The F1 hybrids exhibited a wide range of variation for vegetative and reproductive traits suggesting considerable heterogeneity between the parental plants. Lasiodiplodia theobromae was isolated consistently from the diseased tissues of affected plants. Pachycoris torridus (Scopoli) tem sido registrada sobre dez espécies de plantas no Brasil, sendo uma praga comum da cultura do pinhão (Jatropha curcas). The determination results show that all six solvent crude extracts (10 g • L-1) have the inhibition with different degrees to root length and stem height of four species seedlings, in which the inhibition of water and 95% ethanol crude extracts is stronger and significantly higher than that of other crude extracts (P <0. Biological, Various salient pests are either soil insects or have soil dwelling stages as pests, e.g. couples) T2 (8 couples), T3 (16 couples) and T4 (20 couples). The plantation of J. curcas reduces soil and wind erosion, and increases carbon sequestration that reduces the emission of CO2. Possible coevolution between seed predators and the phenology of the host plant is discussed. Diseased plants showed symptoms of yellowish and stunted growth. Rearing on a natural diet is possible, and the survival rates obtained were favourable. The HR-MAS NMR spectroscopic analysis indicated that viral infection significantly affected the plant metabolism. known from India. Fallows in the vicinity of the J. curcas plantations were particularly examined. Lower concentration of glucose and sucrose in viral-infected stem tissues indicates decreased translocation of photosynthates from leaves to stem due to hyperplasia caused by JMV. loss associated with this insect pest. The respiration rate was more than twofold as compared to healthy ones. Phytophagous mites, namely broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), and red spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, infest Jatropha curcas. Directed-spray application was performed at 70 days after sowing by the lower third of the plants. Liquid Copper Fungicide say can also be used as a treatment. Climate change is currently affecting both biodiversity and human activities; land use change and greenhouse gases emissions are the main drivers. 59% yield loss in T4. Interestingly, thiamine triggered highest rooting during monsoon and was comparable during spring. Many agricultural services are affected by the change, which in turn reflects on the basic provisioning services, which supply food, fiber and biofuels. These included In Mexico, despite the initially assumed economic, environmental, and social benefits of the crop, many farmers have abandoned jatropha cultivation. damaged. 600 g ha-1), diuron (1,000 and 2,000 g ha-1), paraquat + diuron (200 + 1,000 g ha-1), paraquat + diuron (200 + 2,000 g ha-1), paraquat + diuron (600 + 1,000 g ha-1), paraquat + diuron (600 + 2,000 g ha-1) and a control (no application). The Ug1 genotypes occurred (as adults) on all 12 source-plant species sampled. Phylogenetic analysis of the core CP sequences with those of selected begomoviruses grouped JMIV in a separate cluster close to Indian cassava mosaic virus and Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus and shared highest nucleotide identities (90-95%) with them. Through the first strategy aimed at enhancing oil content, the key genes involved in triacylglycerols (TAGs) biosynthesis pathway (e.g., diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1)), genes affecting seed size and plant growth (e.g., transcription factors (WRI1), auxin response factor 19 (ARF19), leafy cotyledon1 (LEC1), purple acid phosphatase 2 (PAP2), G-protein c subunit 3 (AGG3), and flowering locus T (FT)), as well as genes involved in TAGs degradation (e.g., sugar-dependent protein 1 triacylglycerol lipase (SDP1)) have been deliberated.